Sustainable Synthesis of Phenols

Phenols synthesized within a few minutes in water with a recyclable deep eutectic solvent
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Baeyer-Villiger oxidation

Also known as: Baeyer-Villiger rearrangement

The Baeyer-Villiger oxidation is an organic reaction used to convert a ketone to an ester using a peroxyacid (such as mCPBA). The reaction of the ketone with the acid results in a tetrahedral intermediate, with an alkyl migration following to release a carboxylic acid. The more electron rich R group migrates to the oxygen in this concerted process, allowing for accurate prediction of the stereochemistry of the product.^[1]
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Mechanism

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References:

1.	Baeyer, A.; Villiger, V. Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1899, 32, 3625–3633.

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: A Promoter of Carbon–Halogen Bond Heterolysis

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: A Promoter of Carbon–Halogen Bond Heterolysis

Angewandte Chemie International Edition

Volume 52, Issue 50, pages 13298–13301, December 9, 2013

Thais Delgado-Abad, Dr. Jaime Martínez-Ferrer, Prof. Dr. Ana Caballero, Dr. Andrea Olmos, Prof. Dr. Rossella Mello, Prof. Dr. María Elena González-Núñez, Prof. Dr. Pedro J. Pérez and Prof. Dr. Gregorio Asensio

Article first published online: 15 OCT 2013 | DOI: 10.1002/anie.201303819

Amazing reaction medium: Supercritical carbon dioxide, with zero dipole moment, lower dielectric constant than pentane, and non-hydrogen-bonding behavior, ionizes carbon–halogen bonds, dissociates the resulting ion pairs, and escapes from capture by the carbocation intermediates at temperatures above 40 °C. These properties allow the observation of carbocation chemistry in the absence of acids.

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/anie.201303819/abstract

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/anie.201303819/asset/supinfo/anie_201303819_sm_miscellaneous_information.pdf?v=1&s=1f241331acbea958dddc7b5aa07d5db80210925a

Cheaper Chlorination of Organic Compounds

Inexpensive hydrochloric acid is promising for low-cost electrochemical chlorination
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Cheaper Chlorination of Organic Compounds

Safer Methods for Carbonylative Coupling

Palladium-catalyzed carbonylative α-arylation of aryl bromides
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Safer Methods for Carbonylative Coupling

Building-Block Compounds from Iodoaldol Reactions

The iodoaldol reaction of internal alkynyl ketones gives useful oxygen-functionalized vinyl iodides
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Building-Block Compounds from Iodoaldol Reactions

ASPIRIN SYNTHESIS AND MECHANISM

Synthesis

The synthesis of aspirin is classified as an esterification reaction. Salicylic acid is treated with acetic anhydride, an acid derivative, causing a chemical reaction that turns salicylic acid's hydroxyl group into an ester group (R-OH → R-OCOCH₃). This process yields aspirin and acetic acid, which is considered a byproduct of this reaction. Small amounts of sulfuric acid (and occasionally phosphoric acid) are almost always used as a catalyst. This method is commonly employed in undergraduate teaching labs.

Reaction Mechanism